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Image scanner - Wikipedia. Desktop scanner, with the lid raised. An object has been laid on the glass, ready for scanning. Scan of the jade rhinoceros seen in the photograph above. In computing, an image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner, although the term is ambiguous out of context (barcode scanner, CAT scanner etc.)—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image. Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand- held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3. D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. My Old Man doesn't own a smartphone (I know, how do I live with it?).One of the drawbacks of being a decade behind the rest of us, technologically, is.Holds 96 cards with 8 cards per page (front and back) Non-glare vinyl card pages; Organizes business, credit, phone, and bank cards.
Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large- format documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical. Modern scanners typically use a charge- coupled device (CCD) or a contact image sensor (CIS) as the image sensor, whereas drum scanners, developed earlier and still used for the highest possible image quality, use a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as the image sensor. A rotary scanner, used for high- speed document scanning, is a type of drum scanner that uses a CCD array instead of a photomultiplier. Non- contact planetary scanners essentially photograph delicate books and documents. All these scanners produce two- dimensional images of subjects that are usually flat, but sometimes solid; 3. D scanners produce information on the three- dimensional structure of solid objects. Digital cameras can be used for the same purposes as dedicated scanners. When compared to a true scanner, a camera image is subject to a degree of distortion, reflections, shadows, low contrast, and blur due to camera shake (reduced in cameras with image stabilization). Resolution is sufficient for less demanding applications. Digital cameras offer advantages of speed, portability and non- contact digitizing of thick documents without damaging the book spine. As of 2. 01. 0[update] scanning technologies were combining 3. D scanners with digital cameras to create full- color, photo- realistic 3. D models of objects.[1]In the biomedical research area, detection devices for DNA microarrays are called scanners as well. These scanners are high- resolution systems (up to 1 µm/ pixel), similar to microscopes. The detection is done via CCD or a photomultiplier tube. History[edit]. Caselli's pantelegraph mechanism. Belinograph BEP2. V wirephoto machine by Edouard Bélin, 1. Modern scanners are considered the successors of early telephotography and fax input devices. The pantelegraph (Italian: pantelegrafo; French: pantélégraphe) was an early form of facsimile machine transmitting over normal telegraph lines developed by Giovanni Caselli, used commercially in the 1. It used electromagnets to drive and synchronize movement of pendulums at the source and the distant location, to scan and reproduce images. It could transmit handwriting, signatures, or drawings within an area of up to 1. Belin's Belinograph of 1. AT& T Wirephoto service. In Europe, services similar to a wirephoto were called a Belino. It was used by news agencies from the 1. They send a linear analog AM signal through standard telephone voice lines to receptors, which synchronously print the proportional intensity on special paper. Color photos were sent as three separated RGB filtered images consecutively, but only for special events due to transmission costs. The first image scanner developed for use with a computer was a drum scanner. It was built in 1. US National Bureau of Standards by a team led by Russell A. Kirsch. The first image ever scanned on this machine was a 5 cm square photograph of Kirsch's then- three- month- old son, Walden. The black and white image had a resolution of 1. Drum scanners capture image information with photomultiplier tubes (PMT), rather than the charge- coupled device (CCD) arrays found in flatbed scanners and inexpensive film scanners. Reflective and transmissive originals are mounted on an acrylic cylinder, the scanner drum, which rotates at high speed while it passes the object being scanned in front of precision optics that deliver image information to the PMTs. Modern color drum scanners use three matched PMTs, which read red, blue, and green light, respectively. Light from the original artwork is split into separate red, blue, and green beams in the optical bench of the scanner with dichroic filters."[3] Photomultipliers offer superior dynamic range and for this reason drum scanners can extract more detail from very dark shadow areas of a transparency than flatbed scanners using CCD sensors. The smaller dynamic range of the CCD sensors, versus photomultiplier tubes, can lead to loss of shadow detail, especially when scanning very dense transparency film.[4] While mechanics vary by manufacturer, most drum scanners pass light from halogen lamps though a focusing system to illuminate both reflective and transmissive originals. The drum scanner gets its name from the clear acrylic cylinder, the drum, on which the original artwork is mounted for scanning. Depending on size, it is possible to mount originals up to 2. One of the unique features of drum scanners is the ability to control sample area and aperture size independently. The sample size is the area that the scanner encoder reads to create an individual pixel. The aperture is the actual opening that allows light into the optical bench of the scanner. The ability to control aperture and sample size separately is particularly useful for smoothing film grain when scanning black- and- white and color negative originals."[3]While drum scanners are capable of scanning both reflective and transmissive artwork, a good- quality flatbed scanner can produce good scans from reflective artwork.As a result, drum scanners are rarely used to scan prints now that high- quality, inexpensive flatbed scanners are readily available.Film, however, is where drum scanners continue to be the tool of choice for high- end applications.Because film can be wet- mounted to the scanner drum, which enhances sharpness and masks dust and scratches, and because of the exceptional sensitivity of the PMTs, drum scanners are capable of capturing very subtle details in film originals. The situation as of 2. While prices of both new and used units dropped from the start of the 2. CCD flatbed and film scanners. Image quality produced by flatbed scanners had improved to the degree that the best ones were suitable for many graphic- arts operations, and they replaced drum scanners in many cases as they were less expensive and faster. However, drum scanners with their superior resolution (up to 2. PPI), color gradation, and value structure continued to be used for scanning images to be enlarged, and for museum- quality archiving of photographs and print production of high- quality books and magazine advertisements. As second- hand drum scanners became more plentiful and less costly, many fine- art photographers acquired them. Flatbed[edit]This type of scanner is sometimes called reflective scanner because it works by shining white light onto the object to be scanned and reading the intensity and color of light that is reflected from it, usually a line at a time. They are designed for scanning prints or other flat, opaque materials but some have available transparency adapters, which for a number of reasons, in most cases, are not very well suited to scanning film.[5]CCD scanner[edit]"A flatbed scanner is usually composed of a glass pane (or platen), under which there is a bright light (often xenon, LED or cold cathode fluorescent) which illuminates the pane, and a moving optical array in CCD scanning. CCD- type scanners typically contain three rows (arrays) of sensors with red, green, and blue filters."[6]CIS scanner[edit]. Scanner unit with CIS. A: assembled, B: disassembled; 1: housing, 2: light conductor, 3: lenses, 4: chip with two RGB- LEDs, 5: CISContact image sensor (CIS) scanning consists of a moving set of red, green and blue LEDs strobed for illumination and a connected monochromatic photodiode array under a rod lens array for light collection. Images to be scanned are placed face down on the glass, an opaque cover is lowered over it to exclude ambient light, and the sensor array and light source move across the pane, reading the entire area. Scan and manage all your business cards and contacts in a flash on i. Phone, Android, Windows Phone. Safe and sound, trouble- free. Forget about card holders! All contacts are stored in a cloud and synchronized across your devices, allowing access from your smartphone, tablet or computer. News Divinity: Original Sin 2 Dev Isn't Talking About PS4 Version Just Yet. Focusing on PC launch.Divinity: Original Sin 2 has just hit PC, but according to a quick. GAMERCONFIG.eu allows you to share your configs with the community and download and rate theirs. Arms’ first big update added a few much-requested features to the slinky-limb fighting game—and took away some unpopular ones. Most of those features improve upon. PS4 - Discuss anything relating to the Playstation 4. Counter Strike Global Offensive Banners, Forums, Status Monitors, Server Statistics and more! Server Name or IPServer Current Map. Server Variable. Server Tags. Online Player Name. Online/Offline Player Name. BF: BC2 Player Name. MOH Player Name. Team Name or Tag. Profile Username. Profile Last Name. Profile Email. http: //www. H2r. L- l. Bx. Rs. Courtesy of Nathan Andrews on You. Tube: Video created by: Nathan Andrews. Edited by: Andrea Andrews. I've added full head tracking and weapon tracking to Half- Life 2 in preparation for the Oculus Rift dev kit launch. Once the official rift apis are available I'll integrate them, giving people ~7. Rift. This video shows a handful of scenes of me .. With the recent release of Natural Selection 2 [Available for sale on Steam and other places! Rock. Paper. Shotgun has written a great article mixed in with some direct commentary from some of the developers of NS2. The article is a wonderfully entertaining read for gaming enthusiasts, and the game is definitely worth the wait. Article: http: //www. Zombies to Plague Counter- Strike: Global Offensive Launch This Tuesday, August 2. MP1st. When Counter- Strike: Global Offensive launches this Tuesday, August 2. Zombies, that’s right, zombies, will be plaguing the PC launch of CS: GO. According to the official blog, “the guys over at plaguefest. Zo.. [read more]Via Valve Press Release. Valve, creators of best- selling game franchises (such as Counter- Strike, Half- Life, Left 4 Dead, Portal, and Team Fortress) and leading technologies (such as Steam and Source), today announced Counter- Strike: Global Offensive (CS: GO) is targeted for release on August 2. To be available via the Playstation Network, Xbox Live Arcade, and Steam (for PC and Mac), CS: GO will expand upon the team- based action gameplay pioneered when Counter- Strike was launched .. With the updated working game server browser in CS: GO Beta and in anticipation of the full retail release, Game. Tracker. com has added official support for Counter- Strike: Global Offensive. We will be sifting through beta servers and making more available, but you can start adding yours today! More information about the game available on the CSGO page: https: //www. Get your server today at: https: //www. Earlier today, Valve released an update to Counter- Strike: Global Offensive. Below is the official changelog: Gameplay: • Updated weapons based on performance metrics: - Slightly increased the damage for the fiveseven to keep it on par with other pistols.- Lowered the max width of the recoil patterns for the MG's to make them better for their price point.- Lowered the spread on the Negev to be more in line with the m. Improvements have been made to burst fire and tapping.. Yesterday, Valve released the BETA 1. Counter- Strike: Global Offensive. Below is the changelog: Gameplay• Tweaks to the recoil model based on player feedback.• Decreased the throw velocity for Incendiary and Molotov grenades. They can no longer be thrown far enough to block terrorists from leaving spawn in Inferno. Removed the ability to exploit the radar data.• The aiming precision now changes back to the standing accuracy state immediately after the crouch bu.. Today Valve has released yet another update to the Counter- Strike: Global Offensive BETA. The update adds some new options to the 'Find a Game' menu, as well as the additions of Nuke SE and Inferno SE to the rotation. Below is the official changelog: Gameplay: • Added Classic Casual to the Find a Game options.• Increased running inaccuracy of rifles and snipers. Lowered recoil of negev, lowered standing inaccuracy for negev. Click here to watch the new trailer for Counter- Strike: Global Offensive. To celebrate the new CS: GO trailer, the Counter- Strike franchise is 7. Counter- Strike took the gaming industry by surprise when the unlikely MOD became the most played online PC action game in the world almost immediately after its release in August 1. Doug Lombard, VP of Marketing at Valve. For the past 1. 2 years, it has continued to be one of the most- played games in the world, headlin.. Welcome to JCT Limited. Our founder Lala Karam Chand Thapar (1. He was a self- made man in the true sense of the word. After his marriage, Shyamlal, a cousin who ran a coal depot in Ludhiana, introduced Sachhar to Karam Chand and in the course of their conversation, the young boy was offered a partnership, which enabled him to do business in the coal belt of Jharia, near Dhanbad in Bihar. It was a mix of luck and acumen that propelled Karam Chand into the vortex of the coal industry. Soon he moved to Calcutta, an office was rented at 9, Dalhousie Square east, where the firms of Karam Chand Thapar and Co., Karam Chand Thapar & Bros., and Shyamlal Thapar & Bros. In 1. 92. 3 he made history of sorts by acquiring the rights to exploit Bird and Co.’s Sirka Coal mine in Hazaribagh.His 1. 93. 6 acquisition of the Deoria Sugar Mills in the Gorakhpur District brought an associated electric supply company into his fold. After a quick succession of the sugar mills, he ventured into the business of insurance, dry ice, and refrigeration, starch and chemicals and paper. Generates cracks serials keygens for the software to unlock it for free May 2, 2015 - 10a523 blobs download all versions serial number and keygen, 10a523 blobs. 158828 anos 113008 % 9435 presidente 78060 país 76525 governo 74066 milhões 7324 parte 63604 pessoas 62706 tempo 54113 dias 52666. His ambition led him to acquire the Mahavir Insurance Co. Ltd., in Calcutta in 1. In 1. 94. 6 Karam Chand started textile business by starting the Jagatjit Cotton Textiles Mills Ltd. At Phagwara in the Punjab. This mill produced unfinished cloth for export to the U. K. where it was further processed and mercerized. Anônimo em 2 de abril de 2010 15:38 Preciso do programa DietWin Profissional 2008 + Crack. Poderias enviar para: [email protected] Obrigado! 136846 % 86474 anos 82513 governo 6639 presidente 58424 R$ 47535 país 45374 tempo 44574 pessoas 3764 parte 36451 dias 36145 milhões. In early 1. 94. 7 Karam Chand entrusted the planning of three other textile mills in Phagwara, Amritsar and Bhutwal to an Englishman, J. A. Meek, of Greaves Cotton and Co. Ltd. Later he asked his key colleagues to make an organization chart and manual as a guide- rail for the Thapar and served notice all that Karam Chand had begun to consolidate his vast empire and bring professionalism in Thapar’s businesses. JCT limited setup its Filament Yarn division in 1. Zimmer AG of West Germany. The modern high tech plant started commercial production in 1. Official website for The Lord of the Rings Online™ with game information, developers diaries, frequently asked questions and message boards. The final battle for Middle-earth begins. Frodo and Sam, led by Gollum, continue their dangerous mission toward the fires of Mount Doom in order to destroy the One Ring. The Lord of the Rings [J.R.R. Tolkien] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. "An extraordinary work -- pure excitement." -- New York Times Book Review. The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings is an epichigh fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1. The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings (the Hobbit / the Fellowship of the Ring / the Two Towers / the [J.R.R. Tolkien] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1. The Lord of the Rings is one of the best- selling novels ever written, with over 1. The title of the novel refers to the story's main antagonist, the Dark Lord. Sauron,[note 1] who had in an earlier age created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of Middle- earth. From quiet beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land not unlike the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle- earth, following the course of the War of the Ring through the eyes of its characters, not only the hobbits Frodo Baggins, Samwise "Sam" Gamgee, Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck and Peregrin "Pippin" Took, but also the hobbits' chief allies and travelling companions: the Men. Aragorn son of Arathorn, a Ranger of the North, and Boromir, a Captain of Gondor; Gimli son of Glóin, a Dwarf warrior; Legolas Greenleaf, an Elven prince; and Gandalf, a Wizard. The work was initially intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two- volume set, the other to be The Silmarillion, but this idea was dismissed by his publisher.[3][4] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes over the course of a year from 2. July 1. 95. 4 to 2. October 1. 95. 5.[3][5] The three volumes were titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King. Structurally, the novel is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material included at the end. Some editions combine the entire work into a single volume. The Lord of the Rings has since been reprinted numerous times and translated into 3. Tolkien's work has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and origins. Although a major work in itself, the story was only the last movement of a larger epic Tolkien had worked on since 1. Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology, mythology, religion and the author's distaste for the effects of industrialization, as well as earlier fantasy works and Tolkien's experiences in World War I.[7] These inspirations and themes have often been denied by Tolkien himself. The Lord of the Rings in its turn is considered to have had a great effect on modern fantasy; the impact of Tolkien's works is such that the use of the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have been recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary.[8]The enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in popular culture, the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien's works,[9] and the publication of many books about Tolkien and his works. The Lord of the Rings has inspired, and continues to inspire, artwork, music, films and television, video games, and subsequent literature. Award- winning adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made for radio, theatre, and film.[1. In 2. 00. 3, it was named Britain's best- loved novel of all time in the BBC's The Big Read. Plot summary[edit]Prologue[edit]Thousands of years before the events of the novel, the Dark Lord Sauron had forged the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power and corrupt those who wore them: the leaders of Men, Elves and Dwarves. Sauron was defeated by an alliance of Elves and Men led by Gil- galad and Elendil, respectively. In the final battle, Isildur, son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger, causing Sauron to lose his physical form. Isildur claimed the Ring as an heirloom for his line, but when he was later ambushed and killed by the Orcs, the Ring was lost in the River Anduin at Gladden Fields. Lord Of The Rings RingOver two thousand years later, the Ring was found by one of the river- folk called Déagol. His friend[1. 1] Sméagol fell under the Ring's influence and strangled Déagol to acquire it. Sméagol was banished and hid under the Misty Mountains. The Ring gave him long life and changed him over hundreds of years into a twisted, corrupted creature called Gollum. Gollum lost the Ring, his "precious", and as told in The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins found it. Meanwhile, Sauron assumed a new form and took back his old realm of Mordor. When Gollum set out in search of the Ring, he was captured and tortured by Sauron. Sauron learned from Gollum that "Baggins" of the Shire had taken the Ring. Gollum was set loose. Sauron, who needed the Ring to regain his full power, sent forth his powerful servants, the Nazgûl, to seize it. The Fellowship of the Ring[edit]The story begins in the Shire, where the hobbit Frodo Baggins inherits the Ring from Bilbo Baggins, his cousin[note 2] and guardian. Neither hobbit is aware of the Ring's nature, but Gandalf the Grey, a wizard and an old friend of Bilbo, suspects it to be Sauron's Ring. Many years later, after Gandalf confirms his suspicions, he tells Frodo the history of the Ring and counsels him to take it away from the Shire. Frodo sets out, accompanied by his gardener and friend, Samwise ("Sam") Gamgee, and two cousins, Meriadoc Brandybuck, called Merry, and Peregrin Took, called Pippin. They are nearly caught by the Black Riders while still in the Shire, but they shake off their pursuers by cutting through the Old Forest. There, they are aided by Tom Bombadil, a strange and merry fellow who lives with his wife Goldberry in the forest. Surprisingly, the Ring has no power over him. The Hobbits reach the town of Bree, where they encounter a Ranger named Strider, whom Gandalf had mentioned in a letter. Strider persuades the hobbits to take him on as their guide and protector. Together, they leave Bree after another close escape from the Black Riders. On the hill of Weathertop, they are again attacked by the Black Riders, who wound Frodo with a cursed blade. Strider fights them off with fire and leads the hobbits towards the Elven refuge of Rivendell. Frodo falls deathly sick from the wound. The Black Riders nearly overtake Frodo at the Ford of Bruinen, but flood waters summoned by Elrond, master of Rivendell, rise up and overwhelm them. Frodo recovers in Rivendell under Elrond's care. The Council of Elrond discusses the history of Sauron and the Ring. Strider is revealed to be Aragorn, Isildur's heir. Gandalf reports that Sauron has corrupted Saruman, chief of the wizards. The Council decides that the Ring must be destroyed, but that can only be done by sending it to the Fire of Mount Doom in Mordor, where it was forged. Frodo takes this task upon himself. Elrond, with the advice of Gandalf, chooses companions for him. The Company of the Ring are nine in number: Frodo, Sam, Merry, Pippin, Aragorn, Gandalf, Gimli the Dwarf, Legolas the Elf, and the Man Boromir, son of the Ruling Steward. Denethor of the land of Gondor. After a failed attempt to cross the Misty Mountains through the Redhorn Pass, the Company are forced to take a perilous path through the Mines of Moria. They are attacked by the Watcher in the Water before the doors of Moria. Inside Moria, they learn of the fate of Balin and his colony of Dwarves. After surviving an attack, they are pursued by Orcs and by an ancient demon called a Balrog. Gandalf faces the Balrog, and both of them fall into the abyss. The others escape and find refuge in the Elven forest of Lothlórien, where they are counselled by Galadriel and Celeborn. With boats and gifts from Galadriel, the Company travel down the River Anduin to the hill of Amon Hen. There, Boromir tries to take the Ring from Frodo, but Frodo puts it on and disappears. After the Company scatters to search for Frodo, they are attacked by Orcs. Frodo chooses to go alone to Mordor, but Sam guesses what he intends and goes with him. The Two Towers[edit]Orcs sent by Saruman and Sauron kill Boromir and take Merry and Pippin. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas debate amongst themselves which pair of hobbits to follow. They decide to pursue the Orcs bearing Merry and Pippin to Saruman. In the kingdom of Rohan, the Orcs are slain by a company of the Rohirrim. Merry and Pippin escape into Fangorn Forest, where they are befriended by Treebeard, the oldest of the tree- like Ents. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas track the hobbits to Fangorn. There they unexpectedly meet Gandalf. Gandalf explains that he slew the Balrog; darkness took him, but he was sent back to Middle- earth to complete his mission. The Lord of the Rings (film series)The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasyadventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2. The Two Towers (2. The Return of the King (2. They are a New Zealand- American venture produced by Wing. Nut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema. Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $2. New Zealand, Jackson's native country.[3] Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material. Set in the fictional world of Middle- earth, the films follow the hobbit. Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) as he and a Fellowship embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring, and thus ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker). The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest together with his loyal companion Sam (Sean Astin) and the treacherous Gollum (Andy Serkis). Meanwhile, Aragorn (Viggo Mortensen), heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, Legolas, Gimli, Merry, and Pippin, and the wizard. Gandalf (Ian Mc. Kellen) unite to rally the Free Peoples of Middle- earth in the War of the Ring. The series was received with overwhelming praise and was a major financial success, with the films collectively being among the highest- grossing film series of all time. The films were critically acclaimed and heavily awarded, winning 1. Academy Award nominations. The final film in the series, The Return of the King, won all 1. Academy Award nominations including Best Picture, which also tied it with Ben- Hur and Titanic for most Academy Awards received for a film. The series received wide praise for its innovative special and visual effects.[4][5][6]Development[edit]Director Peter Jackson first came into contact with The Lord of the Rings when he saw Ralph Bakshi's 1. The Lord of the Rings. Jackson "enjoyed the film and wanted to know more."[7] Afterwards, he read a tie- in edition of the book[8] during a twelve- hour train journey from Wellington to Auckland when he was seventeen.[9]In 1. Jackson was finishing The Frighteners and considered The Lord of the Rings as a new project, wondering "why nobody else seemed to be doing anything about it".[9] With the new developments in computer- generated imagery following Jurassic Park, Jackson set about planning a fantasy film that would be relatively serious and feel real. By October, he and his partner Fran Walsh teamed up with Miramax Films boss Harvey Weinstein to negotiate with Saul Zaentz who had held the rights to the book since the early 1. The Hobbit and two films based on The Lord of the Rings. Negotiations then stalled when Universal Studios offered Jackson a remake of King Kong.[1. Weinstein was furious, and further problems arose when it turned out Zaentz did not have distribution rights to The Hobbit; United Artists, which was in the market, did. By April 1. 99. 6, the rights question was still not resolved.[1. Jackson decided to move ahead with King Kong before filming The Lord of the Rings, prompting Universal to enter a deal with Miramax to receive foreign earnings from The Lord of the Rings while Miramax received foreign earnings from King Kong.[1. It was also revealed that Jackson originally wanted to finish King Kong before The Lord of the Rings began. But due to location problems, he decided to start with The Lord of the Rings franchise instead. When Universal cancelled King Kong in 1. Jackson and Walsh immediately received support from Weinstein and began a six- week process of sorting out the rights. Jackson and Walsh asked Costa Botes to write a synopsis of the book and they began to re- read the book. Two to three months later, they had written their treatment.[1. The first film would have dealt with what would become The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and the beginning of The Return of the King, ending with Saruman's death, and Gandalf and Pippin going to Minas Tirith. In this treatment, Gwaihir and Gandalf visit Edoras after escaping Saruman, Gollum attacks Frodo when the Fellowship is still united, and Farmer Maggot, Glorfindel, Radagast, Elladan and Elrohir are present. Bilbo attends the Council of Elrond, Sam looks into Galadriel's mirror, Saruman is redeemed before he dies and the Nazgûl just make it into Mount Doom before they fall.[1. They presented their treatment to Harvey and Bob Weinstein, the latter of whom they focused on impressing with their screenwriting as he had not read the book. They agreed upon two films and a total budget of $7. During mid- 1. 99. Jackson and Walsh began writing with Stephen Sinclair.[1. Sinclair's partner, Philippa Boyens, was a major fan of the book and joined the writing team after reading their treatment.[1. It took 1. 3–1. 4 months to write the two film scripts,[1. Sinclair left the project due to theatrical obligations.Amongst their revisions, Sam is caught eavesdropping and forced to go along with Frodo, instead of Sam, Merry, and Pippin figuring out about the One Ring themselves and voluntarily going along after confronting Frodo about it, as occurs in the original novel.Gandalf's account of his time at Orthanc was pulled out of flashback and Lothlórien was cut, with Galadriel doing what she does in the story at Rivendell.Denethor attends the Council with his son.Other changes included having Arwen rescue Frodo, and the action sequence involving the cave troll.The writers also considered having Arwen absorb Éowyn's role entirely by having her kill the Witch- king.[1. Trouble struck when Marty Katz was sent to New Zealand. Spending four months there, he told Miramax that the films were more likely to cost $1. Miramax unable to finance this, and with $1. On 1. 7 June 1. 99. Bob Weinstein presented a treatment of a single two- hour film version of the book. He suggested cutting Bree and the Battle of Helm's Deep, "losing or using" Saruman, merging Rohan and Gondor with Éowyn as Boromir's sister, shortening Rivendell and Moria as well as having Ents prevent the Uruk- hai from kidnapping Merry and Pippin.[1. Upset by the idea of "cutting out half the good stuff"[1. Jackson balked, and Miramax declared that any script or work completed by Weta Workshop was theirs.[1. Jackson went around Hollywood for four weeks,[1. New Line Cinema's Mark Ordesky.[1. At New Line Cinema, Robert Shaye viewed the video, and then asked why they were making two films when the book was published as three volumes (this was later corrected: New Line only made this choice out of economical reasons); [1. Now Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to write three new scripts.[1. The expansion to three films allowed much more creative freedom, although Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to restructure their script accordingly. The three films do not correspond exactly to the trilogy's three volumes, but rather represent a three- part adaptation. Jackson takes a more chronological approach to the story than did Tolkien. Frodo's quest is the main focus, and Aragorn is the main sub- plot,[1. Tom Bombadil) that do not contribute directly to those two plots were left out. Much effort was put into creating satisfactory conclusions and making sure exposition did not bog down the pacing. Amongst new sequences, there are also expansions on elements Tolkien kept ambiguous, such as the battles and the creatures. During shooting, the screenplays continued to evolve, in part due to contributions from cast members looking to further explore their characters.[1. Most notable amongst these rewrites was the character Arwen, who was originally planned as a warrior princess, but reverted to her book counterpart, who remains physically inactive in the story (though she sends moral and military support).[1. To develop fight and sword choreography for the series, the filmmakers employed Hollywood sword- master Bob Anderson. Anderson worked directly with the talent including Viggo Mortensen and Karl Urban to develop the film's many sword fights and stunts.[1. Bob Anderson's role in The Lord of the Rings series was highlighted in the film Reclaiming the Blade. Download Adult Messenger. Play / Download 2945-73368: 2.Download Videos 1549-30724.Usage Statistics for communitygaze.com Summary Period: June 2017 - Search String Generated 01-Jul-2017 02:11 PDT.Search torrents on dozens of torrent sites and torrent trackers.Unblock torrent sites by proxy.PirateBay proxy, Kickass unblocked and more torrent proxies. 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In this post, we are going to analyze current security algorithms being used on wireless networks, how do they work, what are their weaknesses and how to attack them. A few weeks ago, there were a few add- ons to aircrack- ng which allowed an attacker to penetrate into WPA Enterprise Wireless Networks, main focus of that post will be to show how to perform that attack, while also giving an overall view of attacks on other algorithms as well. WEP(Wired Equivalent Privacy)WEP is a security algorithm for wireless networks introduced in 1. Its intention is to provide data confidentiality as provided by a traditional wired network. It can be recognized by 4. It is most widely used wireless security algorithm due to backward compatibility reasons and being the first security option in many routers. WEP uses RC4 for confidentiality, to generate a keystream, and CRC- 3. Both algorithms are known to be deprecated after 2. The user provided key is appended to a 2. IV) to generate an initial seed for RC4 and then the generated key is xored with the plaintext data to be sent. Since key is known to be either 4. You can see that algorithm drawn in the following schema: What are the weaknesses? The key problem of this approach is RC4. It is a stream cipher, so the same key must never be used twice, IV tries to achive that but it is only 2. K) packets the seed will repeat with 5. And on todays networks, that amount of packet is generated in less than a minute, moreover even if the network is idle the attacker can send fake packets and therefore cause replies from router which would eventually generate the same key, again in a fraction of a minute. Also there are many free tools like aircrack- ng to automate this process so this can be achieved on any computer, without specific hardware. In this tutorial, I'm going to share on How to crack a WPA/WPA2 password using Aircrack 1.2 program. This tutorial is a continuation from my previous post. Does it require a dictionary? Is it only susceptible to routers with WPS enabled? ~How long does it take to crack a 15 character password? Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) are two security protocols and security certification programs developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to. Wpa Key Crack Without Dictionary OnlineFlaws are not limited to that, also since CRC3. Even if there are remedies for those flaws, WEP contains many more problematic parts and should be avoided. WPA(Wi- Fi Protected Access)WPA is a wireless network security algorithm with the aim of fixing the serious flaws found in WEP. It is just a middle step between WEP and WPA2, which we will cover next. It has been announced in 2. WPA could support it, with the hopes of making wireless networks more secure but unfortunately some devices still needed a firmware upgrade, most of which never get. It uses Temporary Key Integrity Protocol(TKIP), which dynamically generates a 1. WEP. So that it tries to avoid the types of attacks which broke WEP. TKIP also includes a better integrity check than CRC3. But WPA still uses RC4 as its cipher to ensure that WPA can work on older devices. The schema for WAP is very similar to WEP’s, instead of directly feeding IV+Shared. Key to RC4, you take the hash of IV+Shared. Key and then feed IV+Hash to RC4, which generates a unique key for each packet. What are the weaknesses? Since WPA uses the infrastructure of WEP directly, as it aims to provide backwards compatibility there are lots of flaws directly coming from WEP, apart from those; an attacker who captured the first handshake between an Access Point and a legitimate client could perform a brute force attack on the key, also there are rainbow tables for the most used 1. SSIDs, so even if your key is strong if your SSID is among those 1. There are also packet spoofing and decryption attacks on TKIP, one can inject an arbitrary amount of packets with at most 1. Unfortunately WPA also does not provide forward secrecy, which means if an attacker acquires the key, he can decrypt all previous and future packets, for example in public area networks, since everybody knows the password one can silently and passively capture all packets and decrypt them. So the WPA protects against only the ones without the key, therefore one must use SSL/TLS types of encryption on top of transport layer for better security/secrecy. WPA2(Wi- Fi Protected Access II)WPA2 is the ultimate update of WEP, which released in 2. WEP and WPA. It’s aim is to provide better security compared to WEP, not to just fix the known vulnerabilities in it. To achieve those purpose, it replaced RC4 with AES and introduced CCMP(Counter Cipher Mode with Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) over TKIP. But TKIP also exists in WPA2 to allow the fallback to WPA cases. The encryption methodology for WPA2 can be seen in the picture above. It starts by calculating the MIC(Message Integrity Code) for the frame, using AES with Block Chaining and Data Integrity Key which is derived from the wireless network’s key. And then it encrypts the frame using AES with Counter Cipher Mode and Data Encryption Key again derived from the wireless key. Those two keys are derived in the handshake process between the Access Point and the client, so the pair is unique to each client, they both generated using specific nonces and machine specific information like MAC address.
What are the weaknesses? The only practical attacks known for WPA2 are about password discovery and covers the bruteforce attacks only. One has to capture a 4- way handshake between the AP and the client which is not a hard job, but than try to crack this handshake using wordlists or bruteforce attacks which is not feasible for strong passwords. The only way to fasten this process is by using the same SSID attacks, since WPA2 uses SSID of the network as a salt to hash function, if two networks has same SSID and uses same key, they will generate a similar 4- way handshake, due to nonce’s and other things used in the process they won’t be the same so precalculation is not possible. But it helps attackers split the workload if they are working to crack networks with same SSID’s. The only way to perform other attacks like decryption and spoofing requires attacker to be authenticated in the network and which is not feasible for home(personal) networks as of this date, they are only concerns of Enterprise networks whom uses WPA Enterprise. WPA Enterprise. WPA/WPA2- Enterprise has the most significant difference in its authentication and key generation parts. Different then WPA/WPA2 it uses a seperate login id and password for each individual and authenticates them over a RADIUS server, this is a more complex setup but more secure since it uses distinct keys for each users, so one can adjust wireless access of each individual and make it harder for an attacker to perform certain attacks even if the amount of the traffic generated is necessary compared to a WPA/WPA2 network. Since the keys are unique(most likely) per participant the generated traffic is also like for distinct access points theoretically even if it originates from the same AP in the practice. The difference between WPA/WPA2 Personal and Enterprise can be shown with following two drawings; wpa/wpa. What are the weaknesses? Wpa Key Crack Without Dictionary For KidsSince WPA Enterprise only changes the authentication method and key generation algorithms in WPA/WPA2 it is theoretically subject to same attacks as WPA and WPA2 but less likely to get affected since it behaves as a different Access Point for every client. But in addition to those attacks one can perform an Evil- Twin attack on WPA Enterprise networks. In this type of attack, one creates a fake access point with the same SSID as the original network and associates a RADIUS server to that access point. Then sends a deauthentication probe or passively waits for clients to connect to fake access point. Even if there are certificates to ensure that the access point is a valid one, most users will just ignore those warnings and afterwards the attacker would gain the credentials for the client and then can crack them and use to connect to the wireless network of the corporation. How to crack? There are easily available open source tools to perform that type of attack especially the hostapd- wpe in kali tools a specific patch to hostapd and freeradius server to combine them together for this type of an attack. Which makes it the ultimate tool since all you need to do is change config file to adjust the name of your fake Access Point as the original one. So firstly you just fetch hostapd- 2. Detailed information can be found in the patches github repo about that process. Afterwards you configure the hostapd- wpe. Brad Antoniewicz (@brad_anton) - Foundstone.Configuration file for hostapd- wpe.General Options - Likely to need to be changed if you're using this.Interface - Probably wlan.Driver - comment this out if 8.May have to change these depending on build location. Steps Wifi Hacking – Cracking WPA2 Password After the long holiday, first I want to say Merry Christmas and Happy new year 2. Today we will learn about 5 Steps Wifi Hacking – Cracking WPA2 Password. A lot of readers send many request regarding how to crack wireless WPA2 password in our request tutorial page. According to Wikipedia : Wi- Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi- Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) are two security protocols and security certification programs developed by the Wi- Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system, WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) A flaw in a feature added to Wi- Fi, called Wi- Fi Protected Setup (WPS), allows WPA and WPA2 security to be bypassed and effectively broken in many situations. Many access point they have a Wifi Protected Setup enabled by default (even after we hard reset the access point). Requirements: 1. Wireless card (support promiscuous mode) In this tutorial I use ALFA AWUS0. H from Amazon. 2. Access point with WPA2 and WPS enables 5 Steps Wifi Hacking – Cracking WPA2 Password: 1. Open our terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and type airmon- ng (view tips and tricks how to create keyboard shortcut on kali linux) this command will lists our wireless card that attached with our system. The next step we need to stop our wireless monitor mode by running airmon- ng stop wlan. Now we ready to capture the wireless traffic around us. By running airodump- ng wlan. From the picture above, we can see many available access point with all the information. In the green box is our victim access point which is my own access point ?Information: BSSID (Basic Service Set Identification): the MAC address of access point. PWR: Signal level reported by the card. Beacons: Number of announcements packets sent by the AP#Data: Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast packets.#/s: Number of data packets per second measure over the last 1. CH: Channel number (taken from beacon packets). MB: Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 1. 1, it's 8. MB = 2. 2 it's 8. ENC: Encryption algorithm in use.CIPHER: The cipher detected.TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2.AUTH: The authentication protocol used. ESSID: Shows the wireless network name. The so- called “SSID”, which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated. From the step 3 above, we can find access point with encryption algorithm WPA2 and note the AP channel number. Now we will find out whether target AP has WPS enabled or not. C - s if the WPS Locked status is No, then we ready to crack and move to step 5. The last step is cracking the WPA2 password using reaver. MAC address> –fail- wait=3. Because we already get the information from step 3 above, so my command look like this: reaver - i wlan. E0: 0. 5: C5: 5. A: 2. WPA2 password (vishnuvalentino. Kali virtual. Box, but it depend with our hardware and wireless card. Conclusions: 1. WPA and WPA2 security implemented without using the Wi- Fi Protected Setup (WPS) feature are unaffected by the security vulnerability. To prevent this attack, just turn off our WPS/QSS feature on our access point. See picture below (I only have the Chinese version ? )Notes: Only practice this tutorial on your own lab and your own device. Hacking can be a crime if you don't know where to put it. Share this article if you found this post was useful. Chevrolet Corvette - Wikipedia. Chevrolet Corvette. Chevrolet Corvette logos over time. Overview. Manufacturer. Chevrolet (General Motors)Also called. Sting Ray (1. 96. Stingray (1. 96. 9–1. Production. 19. 53–present. Model years. 19. 53–1. C1: 1. 95. 3–1. 96. C2: 1. 96. 3–1. 96. The One-Millionth Porsche 911 Is Exceedingly Lovely. It’s a 2017 Porsche 911 Carrera S, painted in Irish Green and designed to mirror some details from. Free Ebooks Sym Hd200 Scooter Shop Manual 2008 toyota tacoma manual sensormedics 3100a oscillator service manual ford 6 speed automatic speed guide. Road Test: 1998 Chevrolet Corvette review. Research Chevy Corvette price, engine, fuel economy, performance, handling, tranmission & interior/exterior specifications. Car owners manuals is a large database of car and auto owners manuals in PDF for free download or reading online. Many handbooks and repair guides like service and. One of the things I’ve learned about myself over my life is that I’m much more interested in cheap crap than nice things. I’m not sure if it stems from some. The latest news and headlines from Yahoo! News. Get breaking news stories and in-depth coverage with videos and photos. The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, and. C3: 1. 96. 8–1. 98. C4: 1. 98. 4–1. 99. C5: 1. 99. 7–2. 00. C6: 2. 00. 5–2. 01. C7: 2. 01. 4–present. Assembly. United States: Body and chassis. Class. Sports car. Body style. 2- door coupé2- door convertible. Layout. Powertrain. Engine. The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette[1] or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations.[2][3] The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1. Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette.[4] Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet. The car has been produced through seven generations.Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. History[edit]First generation (C1; 1. The first generation of Corvette was introduced late in the 1. Originally designed as a show car for the 1.Motorama display at the New York Auto Show, it generated enough interest to induce GM to make a production version to sell to the public.First production was on June 3. This generation was often referred to as the "solid- axle" models (the independent rear suspension was not introduced until the second generation).[8] Three hundred hand- built polo white Corvette convertibles were produced for the 1.The 1. 95. 4 model year vehicles could be ordered in Pennant Blue, Sportsman Red, Black, or Polo White; 3,6.The 1. 95. 5 model offered a 2.L) V8 engine as an option. With a large inventory of unsold 1. GM limited production to 7. With the new V8, the 0–6. A new body was introduced for the 1. An optional fuel injection system was made available in the middle of the 1. It was one of the first mass- produced engines in history to reach 1 bhp (0. W) per cubic inch (1. Chevrolet's advertising agency used a "one hp per cubic inch" slogan for advertising the 2. W) 2. 83 cu in (4. L) Small- Block engine.[1. Other options included power windows (1. Delco Radio transistorized signal- seeking "hybrid" car radio, which used both vacuum tubes and transistors in its radio's circuitry (1. The 1. 95. 8 Corvette received a body and interior freshening which included a longer front end with quad headlamps, bumper exiting exhaust tips, a new steering wheel, and a dashboard with all gauges mounted directly in front of the driver.[1. Exclusive to the 1. The 1. 95. 9–6. 0 model years had few changes except a decreased amount of body chrome and more powerful engine offerings.[1. In 1. 96. 1, the rear of the car was completely redesigned with the addition of a "duck tail" with four round lights. The light treatment would continue for all following model year Corvettes until 2. In 1. 96. 2, the Chevrolet 2. L) Small- Block was enlarged to 3. L). In standard form it produced 2. W). For an extra 1. W),[1. 7] making it the fastest of the C1 generation. The trunk lid and exposed headlamps did not reappear for many decades.[1. Corvette convertible. Corvette convertible. Corvette convertible (rear)1. Corvette convertible. Chevrolet Corvette transistorized "hybrid" (vacuum tubes and transistors) car radio option. Second generation (C2; 1. Corvette Sting Ray coupe. The second generation (C2) Corvette, which introduced Sting Ray to the model, continued with fiberglass body panels, and overall, was smaller than the first generation. The C2 was later referred to as mid- years.[2. The car was designed by Larry Shinoda with major inspiration from a previous concept design called the "Q Corvette," which was created by Peter Brock and Chuck Pohlmann under the styling direction of Bill Mitchell.[2. Earlier, Mitchell had sponsored a car known as the "Mitchell Sting Ray" in 1. Chevrolet no longer participated in factory racing. This vehicle had the largest impact on the styling of this generation, although it had no top and did not give away what the final version of the C2 would look like.[2. The third inspiration was a Mako Shark Mitchell had caught while deep- sea fishing.[2. Production started for the 1. Introducing a new name, "Sting Ray", the 1. Corvette coupé and it featured a distinctive tapering rear deck (a feature that later reappeared on the 1. Boattail" Buick Riviera) with, for 1. The Sting Ray featured hidden headlamps, non- functional hood vents, and an independent rear suspension.[2. Corvette chief engineer Zora Arkus- Duntov never liked the split rear window because it blocked rear vision, but Mitchell thought it to be a key part of the entire design. Maximum power for 1. W) and was raised to 3. W) in 1. 96. 4. Options included electronic ignition, the breakerless magnetic pulse- triggered Delcotronic first offered on some 1. Pontiac models.[2. On 1. 96. 4 models the decorative hood vents were eliminated and Duntov, the Corvette's chief engineer, got his way with the split rear window changed to a full width window. Corvette Sting Ray coupe. Four- wheel disc brakes were introduced in 1. L) V8. Side exhaust pipes were also optionally available in 1. The introduction of the 4. W) 3. 96 cu in (6. L) big block in 1. Rochester fuel injection system.[2. The 3. 96 cu in (6. L) option cost US$2. L) engine cost US$5. Few people could justify spending US$2. W) less, even though FI could deliver over 2. G- loading in corners taken at racing speeds. Another rare '6. 3 and '6. Z0. 6 competition package, which offered stiffer suspension, bigger, multi- segment lined brakes with finned drums and more, only a couple hundred coupes and ONE convertible were factory- equipped this way in 1. With only 7. 71 fuel- injected cars built in 1. Chevrolet discontinued the option at the end of the '6. For 1. 96. 6, Chevrolet introduced an even larger 4. L) Big Block version.Other options available on the C2 included the Wonderbar auto- tuning AM radio, AM- FM radio (mid- 1.The Sting Ray's independent rear suspension was successfully adapted for the new- for- 1.Chevrolet Corvair, which solved the quirky handling problems of that unique rear- engine compact.[2. Corvette Sting Ray convertible. C2 generation. The 1. The first use of all four taillights in red started in 1. C- 2 line- up except for the 1. The 1. 96. 7 and subsequent models continuing on all Corvettes since. L8. 8 engine option which was rated at 4. W), but unofficial estimates place the actual output at 5. W) or more.[2. 8] Only twenty such engines were installed at the factory. From 1. 96. 7 (to 1. Holley triple two- barrel carburetor, or Tri- Power, was available on the 4. L8. 9 (a $3. 68 option, on top of the cost for the high- performance 4. Despite these changes, sales slipped over 1. Duntov came up with a lightweight version of the C2 in 1. Concerned about Ford and what they were doing with the Shelby Cobra, GM planned to manufacture 1. Grand Sport Corvettes, but only five were actually built.[3. They were driven by historic drivers such as Roger Penske, A. J. Foyt, Jim Hall, and Dick Guldstrand among others. Today the five cars (0. Corvettes ever built.[3. Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum and is in running condition.[3. Third generation (C3; 1. Corvette Stingray convertible. Corvette Stingray coupe. The third generation Corvette, patterned after the Mako Shark II concept car, was introduced for the 1. C3 coupes featured the first use of T- top removable roof panels. It introduced monikers that were later revived, such as LT- 1, ZR- 1, Z0. Collector Edition. In 1. 97. 8, the Corvette's 2. Silver Anniversary Edition and an Indy Pace Car replica edition of the C3. This was also the first time that a Corvette was used as a Pace Car for the Indianapolis 5. Engines and chassis components were mostly carried over from the C2, but the body and interior were new. The 3. 50 cu in (5. L) engine replaced the old 3. L) as the base engine in 1. W). 1. 96. 9 was the only year for a C3 to optionally offer either a factory installed side exhaust or normal rear exit with chrome tips. The all- aluminum ZL1 engine was also new for 1. W), but was reported to produce 5. W) and propelled a ZL1 through the 1/4 mile in 1. There was an extended production run for the 1. LT- 1 that produced 3. W). The 4. 27 big- block was enlarged to 4. L) with a 3. 90 bhp (2. W) rating. The ZR- 1 special package was an option available on the 1. LT- 1 engine combined with special racing equipment. Parágrafo 1°. Para efectos de la aplicación del Procedimiento 2 a que se refiere el artículo 386 de este Estatuto, el valor del impuesto en UVT determinado de. Existen en muchos casos una serie de estudios en los que se compara con sus colegas menos creativos a individuos creativos y seleccionados sobre la base de sus logros. El TSJ de la Comunidad Valenciana establece en cuanto al pago del IIVTNU que es el contribuyente quien debe probar que no ha habido incremento del valor del terreno y. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard.Quimica | Quimica Inorganica¿sabes de donde viene el papel de tus libros y la tinta con la que fue impreso?, muchos productos que forman parte de nuestra vida diaria como los jabones, cremas, pasta dental no vinieron de la naturaleza.Desde que te despiertas ves toda una gama de productos hechos por la industria química: Utensilios de cocina.Envases de leche.Pan caliente. CaféMantequilla. 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Aplican sus conocimientos acerca de las propiedades de las sustancias para desarrollar nuevos materiales y mejorar la fabricación de productos tan diversos como papel, cemento, detergentes, fertilizantes, cerveza, alimentos balanceados y cosméticos. Los bioquímicos. Se dedican a la investigación para descifrar los mecanismos moleculares en los seres vivos. También colaboran con la ingeniería genética para mejorar los recursos agrícolas tradicionales, como la papa, aumentando su valor nutritivo y haciéndolos más resistentes a las plagas y al clima. Los ingenieros metalúrgicos. Aplican a la química para extraer los metales, purificarlos y convertirlos en alambres de cobre, varillas de hierro, planchas de acero, etc. Químicos textiles.Les corresponde mejorar fibras y tintes; y crear materiales, como el polar o las fibras de lycra.Los petroquímicos. Se encargan de la separación de los componentes del petróleo y de desarrollar nuevos combustibles, plásticos, lubricantes, disolventes y otros productos derivados, así como de mejorar los existentes. Químicos puros. En las universidades y laboratorios, el químico puro investiga, amplia y transmite el conocimiento científico. Técnicos de laboratorio químico. Preparan muestras y operan los equipos para analizarlas. Deben proveer resultados rápidos y exactos para controlar la calidad de productos y corregir posibles fallas. |
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